20863853
not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only
Detection and quantitation of infectious human adenoviruses and JC polyomaviruses in water by immunofluorescence assay.
Human adenoviruses (HAdV) and JC polyomaviruses (JCPyV) have been proposed as markers of fecal/urine contamination of human origin. An indirect immunofluorescence assay has been developed to quantify infectious human adenoviruses types 2human adenoviruses types 2 and 41 and JC polyomaviruses strain Mad-4 in water samples. The immunofluorescence assay was compared with other quantitative techniques used commonly such as plaque assay, tissue culture infectious dose-50 and quantitative PCR (qPCR). The immunofluorescence assays showed to be specific for the detection of infectious viruses, obtaining negative results when UV or heat-inactivated viruses were analyzed. The assays required less time and showed higher sensitivity for the detection of infectious viral particles than other cell culture techniques (1 log(10) more) evaluated. River water samples spiked previously with human adenoviruses and raw sewage samples were also analyzed using the proposed immunofluorescence assay as well as by qPCR. The results show quantitations with 2 log(10) reduction in the numbers of infectious viruses compared with the number of genome copies detected by qPCR. The immunofluorescence assay developed is fast, sensitive, specific, and a standardizable technique for the quantitation and detection of infectious viruses in water samples.
Ann file
T1 Out-of-scope 41 59 human adenoviruses
T2 Species 64 81 JC polyomaviruses
N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:10632
T3 Species 333 359 human adenoviruses types 2
T4 Species 371 401 JC polyomaviruses strain Mad-4
N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:10632
T6 Out-of-scope 122 140 Human adenoviruses
T7 Out-of-scope 142 146 HAdV
T8 Species 152 169 JC polyomaviruses
T9 Species 171 176 JCPyV
T10 Species 240 245 human
T11 Out-of-scope 981 999 human adenoviruses
N5 Reference T10 Taxonomy:9606 Homo sapiens
T5 Species 333 357;364 366 human adenoviruses types 41
#1 AnnotatorNotes T1 TODO host species mentioned
#2 AnnotatorNotes T6 TODO host species mentioned
#3 AnnotatorNotes T7 TODO host species mentioned
N7 Reference T11 Taxonomy:10508 Adenoviridae
#4 AnnotatorNotes T11 TODO host species mentioned
N9 Reference T1 Taxonomy:10509 Mastadenovirus
N1 Reference T6 Taxonomy:10509 Mastadenovirus
N6 Reference T7 Taxonomy:10509 Mastadenovirus
N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:10515 Human adenovirus 2
N8 Reference T5 Taxonomy:10524 Human adenovirus 41