20962100
not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only
Dynamics of two separate but linked HIV-1 CRF01_AE outbreaks among injection drug users in Stockholm, Sweden, and Helsinki, Finland.
Detailed phylogenetic analyses were performed to characterize an HIV-1 outbreak among injection drug users (IDUs) in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2006. This study investigated the source and dynamics of HIV-1 spread during the outbreak as well as associated demographic and clinical factors. Seventy Swedish IDUs diagnosed during 2004 to 2007 were studied. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, and the V3 region of the HIV-1 envelope gene was sequenced to allow detailed phylogenetic analyses. The results showed that the Stockholm outbreak was caused by a CRF01_AE variant imported from Helsinki, Finland, around 2003, which was quiescent until the outbreak started in 2006. Local Swedish subtype B variants continued to spread at a lower rate. The number of new CRF01_AE cases over a rooted phylogenetic tree accurately reflected the transmission dynamics and showed a temporary increase, by a factor of 12, in HIV incidence during the outbreak. Virus levels were similar in CRF01_AE and subtype B infections, arguing against differences in contagiousness. Similarly, there were no major differences in other baseline characteristics. Instead, the outbreak in Stockholm (and Helsinki) was best explained by an introduction of HIV into a standing network of previously uninfected IDUs. The combination of phylogenetics and epidemiological data creates a powerful tool for investigating outbreaks of HIV and other infectious diseases that could improve surveillance and prevention.
Ann file
T1 Species 36 50 HIV-1 CRF01_AE
N1 Reference T1 Taxonomy:11676
T2 Species 200 205 HIV-1
N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:11676
T3 Species 331 336 HIV-1
N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:11676
T4 Species 569 574 HIV-1
N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:11676
T5 Species 707 715 CRF01_AE
N5 Reference T5 Taxonomy:11676
T6 Species 840 849 subtype B
N6 Reference T6 Taxonomy:11676
T7 Species 914 922 CRF01_AE
N7 Reference T7 Taxonomy:11676
T8 Species 1063 1066 HIV
N8 Reference T8 Taxonomy:12721
T9 Species 1127 1135 CRF01_AE
N9 Reference T9 Taxonomy:11676
T10 Species 1140 1149 subtype B
N10 Reference T10 Taxonomy:11676
T11 Species 1378 1381 HIV
N11 Reference T11 Taxonomy:12721
T12 Species 1550 1553 HIV
N12 Reference T12 Taxonomy:12721
#1 AnnotatorNotes T6 TODO check
#2 AnnotatorNotes T10 TODO check