21039561

not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only

Ecological trade-offs between jasmonic acid-dependent direct and indirect plant defences in tritrophic interactions.

Recent studies on plants genetically modified in jasmonic acid (JA) signalling support the hypothesis that the jasmonate family of oxylipins plays an important role in mediating direct and indirect plant defences. However, the interaction of two modes of defence in tritrophic systems is largely unknown. In this study, we examined the preference and performance of a herbivorous leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and its parasitic wasp (Opius dissitus) on three tomato genotypes: a wild-type (WT) plant, a JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant, and a JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant. Their proteinase inhibitor production and volatile emission were used as direct and indirect defence factors to evaluate the responses of leafminers and parasitoids. Here, we show that although spr2 mutant plants are compromised in direct defence against the larval leafminers and in attracting parasitoids, they are less attractive to adult flies compared with WT plants. Moreover, in comparison to other genotypes, the 35S::prosys plant displays greater direct and constitutive indirect defences, but reduced success of parasitism by parasitoids. Taken together, these results suggest that there are distinguished ecological trade-offs between JA-dependent direct and indirect defences in genetically modified plants whose fitness should be assessed in tritrophic systems and under natural conditions.



Ann file

T1	Species 499 508	leafminer

N1 Reference T1 Taxonomy:127405

T2 Species 510 532 Liriomyza huidobrensis

N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:127405

T3 Out-of-scope 552 556 wasp

N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:58748

T4 Species 558 572 Opius dissitus

N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:58748

T5 Species 583 589 tomato

N5 Reference T5 Taxonomy:4081

T6 Out-of-scope 603 623 wild-type (WT) plant

N6 Reference T6 Taxonomy:4081

T7 Species 627 656 JA biosynthesis (spr2) mutant

N7 Reference T7 Taxonomy:4081

T8 Species 664 699 JA-overexpression 35S::prosys plant

N8 Reference T8 Taxonomy:4081

T9 Species 839 849 leafminers

N9 Reference T9 Taxonomy:127405

T10 Species 895 913 spr2 mutant plants

N10 Reference T10 Taxonomy:4081

T11 Species 967 977 leafminers

N11 Reference T11 Taxonomy:127405

T12 Species 1063 1072 WT plants

N12 Reference T12 Taxonomy:4081

T13 Species 1122 1139 35S::prosys plant

N13 Reference T13 Taxonomy:4081

#1 AnnotatorNotes T3 TODO check

#3 AnnotatorNotes T7 TODO check

#4 AnnotatorNotes T8 TODO check

#5 AnnotatorNotes T10 TODO check

#6 AnnotatorNotes T12 TODO check

#7 AnnotatorNotes T13 TODO check