21126914
not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only
Tracking a century of global expansion and evolution of HIV to drive understanding and to combat disease.
Since the isolation of HIV, multiple transmissions are thought to have occurred between man and other old-world primates. Assessment of samples from apes and human beings with African equatorial forest ancestry has traced the origin of HIV-1 to chimpanzees, and dated its most recent common ancestor to 1908. The evolution of HIV-1 has been rapid, which has resulted in a complex classification, worldwide spread, and intermixing of strains; at least 48 circulating recombinant forms are currently identified. In addition to posing a nearly insurmountable challenge for diagnosis, treatment, vaccine development, and prevention, this extreme and divergent evolution has led to differences in virulence between HIV-1 groups, subtypes, or both. Coincidental changes in human migration in the Congo river basin also affected spread of disease. Research over the past 25 years and advances in genomic sequencing methods, such as deep DNA sequencing, have greatly improved understanding and analysis of the thousands to millions of full infectious HIV-1 genomes.
Ann file
T1 Species 56 59 HIV
N1 Reference T1 Taxonomy:12721
T2 Species 131 134 HIV
N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:12721
T3 Species 266 271 human
N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:9606
T4 Species 344 349 HIV-1
N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:11676
T5 Species 353 364 chimpanzees
N5 Reference T5 Taxonomy:9598
T6 Species 434 439 HIV-1
N6 Reference T6 Taxonomy:11676
T7 Species 818 823 HIV-1
N7 Reference T7 Taxonomy:11676
T8 Species 875 880 human
N8 Reference T8 Taxonomy:9606
T9 Species 1151 1156 HIV-1
N9 Reference T9 Taxonomy:11676