22182610
not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only
Interactions Between Extrafloral Nectaries, Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and Other Natural Enemies Affect Biological Control of Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) on Peach (Rosales: Rosaceae).
Extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) are reported to benefit some plants when ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) use their secretions and fend off herbivores, but in some cases resulting competitive interactions may reduce biological control of specific herbivores. This research examined the interactions between ants and other natural enemies associated with the EFNs of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batcsh] and the implications for biological control of a key pest, the oriental fruit moth [Grapholita molesta (Busck)]. Studies using sentinel G. molesta placed on peach trees ('Lovell' cultivar) with EFNs present and absent revealed that several natural enemy groups associated with the EFNs contribute to reductions in G. molesta eggs, larvae, and pupae in peach orchards. Ants on trees with EFNs antagonized the G. molesta egg parasitoid Trichogramma minutum (Riley), but the ants were crucial in reducing G. molesta in both the larval and pupal stages. Overall, individual trees with EFNs experienced higher ant and other (nonant) natural enemy densities and subsequent pest reductions, as compared with trees without EFNs. However, the implications of EFN-natural enemy-pest interactions to orchard-level biological control will likely depend on local G. molesta population dynamics.
Ann file
T1 Species 131 149 Grapholita molesta
N1 Reference T1 Taxonomy:192188
T2 Species 180 185 Peach
N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:3760
T3 Species 570 575 peach
N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:3760
T4 Species 577 591 Prunus persica
N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:3760
T5 Species 668 687 oriental fruit moth
N5 Reference T5 Taxonomy:192188
T6 Species 689 707 Grapholita molesta
N6 Reference T6 Taxonomy:192188
T7 Species 741 751 G. molesta
N7 Reference T7 Taxonomy:192188
T8 Species 762 767 peach
N8 Reference T8 Taxonomy:3760
T9 Species 919 929 G. molesta
N9 Reference T9 Taxonomy:192188
T10 Species 1039 1059 Trichogramma minutum
N10 Reference T10 Taxonomy:43066
T11 Species 1107 1117 G. molesta
N11 Reference T11 Taxonomy:192188
T12 Species 1455 1465 G. molesta
N12 Reference T12 Taxonomy:192188
T13 Species 1013 1023 G. molesta
N13 Reference T13 Taxonomy:192188 Grapholita molesta
T14 Species 957 962 peach
N14 Reference T14 Taxonomy:3760