22182611
not annotated - annotated - LINNAEUS only
Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Formulated Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as a Feed Additive and Using Topical Applications for Control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) Larvae in Caged-Poultry Manure.
Infestations of house flies, Musca domestica L., are a continual problem around poultry establishments. Acute toxicity of two commercial Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) formulations (water-dispersible granules and bran formulation) was evaluated against larvae in the laboratory and against natural populations of M. domestica larvae in the field applied in feed to chickens and as topical applications in the poultry houses. Bioassay data showed that susceptibility of M. domestica larvae increased to a given concentration of Bti as the duration of exposure increased. In the laboratory studies, the LC(50) values of Bti for the larvae ranged between 65 and 77.4 mug/ml. In the field, a concentration of 10 g Bti/kg of feed resulted in 90% reduction of larvae at 4 wk after treatment. A higher concentration (2 g/liter) of Bti in spray applications was not significantly more effective than the lower concentration of 1 g/liter. Adding Bti to chicken feed is potentially an efficient measure for the management and control of house flies in caged-poultry facilities.
Ann file
T1 Species 46 85 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
N1 Reference T1 Taxonomy:1428
T2 Species 151 166 Musca domestica
N2 Reference T2 Taxonomy:7370
T3 Species 237 248 house flies
N3 Reference T3 Taxonomy:7370
T4 Species 250 265 Musca domestica
N4 Reference T4 Taxonomy:7370
T5 Species 358 400 Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis
N5 Reference T5 Taxonomy:1428
T6 Species 402 405 Bti
N6 Reference T6 Taxonomy:1428
T7 Species 552 564 M. domestica
N7 Reference T7 Taxonomy:7370
T8 Species 604 612 chickens
N8 Reference T8 Taxonomy:9031
T9 Species 708 720 M. domestica
N9 Reference T9 Taxonomy:7370
T10 Species 766 769 Bti
N10 Reference T10 Taxonomy:1428
T11 Species 857 860 Bti
N11 Reference T11 Taxonomy:1428
T12 Species 949 952 Bti
N12 Reference T12 Taxonomy:1428
T13 Species 1063 1066 Bti
N13 Reference T13 Taxonomy:1428
T14 Species 1176 1179 Bti
N14 Reference T14 Taxonomy:1428
T15 Species 1183 1190 chicken
N15 Reference T15 Taxonomy:9031
T16 Species 1266 1277 house flies
N16 Reference T16 Taxonomy:7370